外交部长秦刚就中国外交政策和对外关系回答中外记者提问

Foreign Minister Qin Gang Meets the Press

（图源：新华社 记者 王毓国 摄）

2023年3月7日，十四届全国人大一次会议在梅地亚中心举行记者会，外交部长秦刚就中国外交政策和对外关系回答中外记者提问。

On 7 March 2023, a press conference was held on the margins of the First Session of the 14th National People’s Congress at the Media Center, during which Foreign Minister Qin Gang answered questions from Chinese and foreign media about China’s foreign policy and external relations.

秦刚：各位记者朋友，上午好，很高兴同大家见面。当今世界正在经历百年未有之大变局。中国将坚定奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，坚定奉行互利共赢的开放战略，始终做世界和平的建设者、全球发展的贡献者、国际秩序的维护者。下面，我愿回答大家的提问。

Qin Gang: Friends from the media, good morning. I’m very pleased to meet you. As the world is undergoing major changes unseen in a century, China will continue to pursue the independent foreign policy of peace, and will continue to implement the mutually beneficial strategy of opening-up. China will always be a builder of world peace, a contributor to global development, and a defender of the international order. Now I’m ready to take your questions.

中央广播电视总台央视记者：国内外对今年的中国外交充满期待。您能否介绍今年中国外交特别是元首外交会有哪些重点和亮点？作为新任外长，您对今后一个时期的中国外交有何展望？

China Central Television: People at home and abroad have great expectations for China’s diplomacy in 2023. What will be the priorities and highlights in China’s diplomacy, particularly in head-of-state diplomacy? As the new foreign minister, how do you envision China’s diplomacy in the years to come?

秦刚：今年是全面贯彻落实党的二十大精神的开局之年。党的二十大对中国外交规划了顶层设计，明确了使命任务，作出了战略部署。当前，国内新冠疫情形势好转，中外交往有序恢复，中国外交已经按下“加速键”，吹响“集结号”。

Qin Gang: We’re in the first year of fully implementing the guiding principles set forth by the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The Congress has outlined top-level plans for China’s diplomacy, identified our missions and tasks, and made strategic arrangements to that end. With the COVID situation turning for the better in China, we’re steadily resuming exchanges with the world. We’ve pressed the “acceleration button”, and sounded the clarion call for our diplomacy.

我们将以元首外交为引领，特别是全力办好首次“中国＋中亚五国”元首峰会和第三届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛两大主场外交，不断展现中国外交的独特风范。

We will follow the guidance of head-of-state diplomacy. In particular, we will ensure the success of the two major diplomatic events that we will host – the first China-Central Asia Summit and the third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, which will be the showcase of the distinctive character of China’s diplomacy.

我们将以维护核心利益为使命，坚决反对一切形式的霸权主义和强权政治，坚决反对冷战思维、阵营对抗和遏制打压，坚决捍卫国家主权、安全、发展利益。

We will take it as our mission to defend China’s core interests. We firmly oppose any form of hegemonism and power politics. We firmly oppose the Cold War mentality, camp-based confrontation, and acts to contain and hold back other countries’ development. We will resolutely safeguard China’s sovereignty, security and development interests.

我们将以伙伴关系为依托，促进大国协调和良性互动，同各国发展友好合作，推动构建新型国际关系，中国的朋友圈越来越广，新朋友越来越多，老朋友越来越铁。

We will build on our extensive partnerships. We will pursue coordination and sound interactions among major countries, seek friendship and cooperation with other countries, and promote a new type of international relations. China has had a growing network of friends, made more and more new friends, and strengthened ties with old ones.

我们将以开放发展为目标，服务国内高质量发展和高水平对外开放，反对“脱钩断链”，反对单边制裁，维护开放包容的世界经济，以中国新发展为世界提供新机遇。

We will take openness and development as our objective. We will facilitate high-quality development and high-standard opening-up. We will reject “decoupling”, and oppose severing industrial and supply chains and imposing unilateral sanctions. We will uphold an open and inclusive world economy, and will generate new opportunities for the world with our new development.

我们将以多边主义为路径，推动构建人类命运共同体，推进国际关系民主化，推动全球治理朝着更加公正合理的方向发展，为解决人类面临的共同挑战贡献更多、更好的中国智慧、中国方案。

We will take multilateralism as the way forward. We will promote the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, promote greater democracy in international relations, and make global governance more just and equitable. We will offer more, better Chinese insight and solutions to help meet humanity’s common challenges.

我们将以外交为民为理念，始终将海外中国同胞的冷暖安危放在心头，将外交为民的责任担在肩上，加强对海外中国公民和机构的服务和保护，使中外交往更安全、便捷。

We will take “diplomacy for the people” as our guiding principle. We will always bear in mind the well-being and security of our overseas compatriots, and honor our commitment to serving the people. We will enhance the service for and protection of Chinese citizens and institutions abroad to make their overseas travels and exchanges safer and more convenient.

当今世界并不太平，动荡与变革交织，团结与分裂碰撞，机遇与挑战并存。新征程上的中国外交，是充满光荣梦想的远征，是穿越惊涛骇浪的远航。惟其艰巨，更显荣光。我们将在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，践行习近平外交思想，贯彻党的二十大精神，始终坚持维护世界和平、促进共同发展的外交政策宗旨，迎难而上，勇于担当，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家营造良好外部环境，书写新时代中国特色大国外交新篇章。

The world is far from tranquil, being entangled in intertwined turmoils and transformation, the clash between unity and division, and the coexistence of opportunities and challenges. The new journey of China’s diplomacy will be an expedition with glories and dreams, and it will also be a long voyage through stormy seas. The harder the mission, the more glorious its accomplishment. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, we will put Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy into full practice, follow through on the decisions of the 20th CPC Congress, and uphold our foreign policy goals of safeguarding world peace and promoting common development. We will meet challenges head-on, boldly take on responsibilities, foster an enabling external environment for building a modern socialist country in all respects, and write a new chapter in China’s distinctive major-country diplomacy in the new era.

埃及《鲁兹尤素福》杂志记者：很多人都认为中国式现代化给世界各国的现代化提供了新的道路，给各国特别是发展中国家以启迪。您认为中国式现代化对世界具有什么意义？

Rose al-Yūsuf: Many see the Chinese path to modernization as a new path to modernity that will inspire other countries, especially the developing countries. How do you see the significance of the Chinese path to modernization for the world?

秦刚：的确如你所说，中国式现代化已成为国际社会的一个热词。一个拥有十四亿多人口的国家整体迈入现代化，这将是人类历史上前所未有的壮举，具有巨大的世界意义。

Qin Gang: Indeed as you said, “Chinese modernization” has become a popular phrase in the world. Achieving modernization for a country of more than 1.4 billion people will be an unprecedented feat in human history, one of profound global significance in itself.

中国式现代化破解了人类社会发展的诸多难题，打破了“现代化＝西方化”的迷思，创造了人类文明新形态，也给世界各国特别是广大发展中国家带来重要启示，我想至少体现在五个方面：

Chinese modernization offers solutions to many challenges facing human development. It busts the myth that modernization is westernization; it creates a new form of human advancement; and it provides an important source of inspiration for the world, especially developing countries. As I see it, Chinese modernization has at least five features: 

一是独立自主。中国式现代化之所以行得通，就是因为它立足中国大地，植根中国文化，契合中国实际。中国的成功发展充分证明，各国完全有权利也有能力选择自己的道路，将命运牢牢掌握在自己手里。

First, independence. The reason why the Chinese path to modernization works is exactly because it is developed in China and rooted in Chinese culture, and fits in well with China’s national conditions. China’s success in development also proves that every country has the right and ability to choose its own path, and to hold its future firmly in its own hands.

二是人民至上。中国式现代化是全体人民共同富裕的现代化，让人民不仅物质上富足，而且精神上富有。服务少数国家、少数人不是现代化，富者越富、穷者越穷不是现代化，精神空虚、失德失序也不是现代化，各国人民都应有平等发展、追求幸福的权利。

Second, putting people first. Chinese modernization is the modernization of common prosperity for all. It is about achieving both material abundance and cultural-ethical enrichment for the people. Modernization should not serve the interests of only a few countries or individuals. It should not make the rich richer and the poor poorer. Nor should it lead to cultural impoverishment, moral degradation or disorder. People around the world should all enjoy the rights to seek development as equals and pursue happiness.

三是和平发展。中国式现代化一不靠战争，二不靠殖民，三不靠掠夺，我们坚持和平、发展、合作、共赢，坚持人与自然和谐共生，这是一条有别于西式现代化的崭新道路。

Third, peaceful development. Chinese modernization is not pursued through war, colonization, or plundering. It is dedicated to peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit, and is committed to harmony between humanity and nature. It is a new path different from Western modernization.

四是开放包容。人类的现代化不应孤芳自赏，而应百花齐放，尊重各国走符合自身国情的发展道路，彼此交流互鉴，精彩绽放，美美与共。

Fourth, openness and inclusiveness. Humanity’s modernization should not be a one-flower show but a hundred flowers in bloom. It is important to respect the right of every country to pursue a modernization path tailored to its national reality, and encourage exchange and mutual learning, so that all will flourish and prosper together.

五是团结奋斗。中国发展的成功经验充分证明，一盘散沙没有希望，团结奋斗才有力量，要咬定青山不放松，一张蓝图绘到底。如果像有的国家那样政党纷争，只说不做，朝令夕改，再好的蓝图也只是画饼充饥、空中楼阁。

Fifth, working hard in unity. China’s success proves that acting in disunity like a heap of loose sand will get us nowhere, and that only by striving in unity can we pool strength. We will persevere in carrying out the set blueprint until it becomes reality. Partisan rift, empty talk and frequent policy flip-flop as seen in certain country will only make even the best blueprint an illusion and a castle in the air.

中国式现代化进程，是世界和平、正义、进步力量的壮大。我们希望也相信，世界上越来越多的国家走上现代化道路，将使人类命运共同体的梦想成为现实。

The process of Chinese modernization is a boost to the force for peace, justice and progress in the world. We hope and believe that as more and more countries begin their own journey of modernization, the vision of building a community with a shared future for mankind will become true.

俄罗斯塔斯社记者：您如何看待俄中关系发展走向？俄中关系能否为国与国关系提供新范式？中国国家主席是否将于两会后访俄？未来俄中贸易是否可能放弃使用美元或欧元？

TASS: How do you view the future of Russia-China relations? Will it provide a new model for state-to-state relations? Will the Chinese President visit Russia after the NPC and CPPCC Sessions? Is it possible for our two countries to drop the use of the US dollar and the Euro in bilateral trade settlement?

秦刚：你提到大国关系范式，这是观察中俄关系一个很好的视角。大国交往，是搞封闭排他的集团政治，还是坦坦荡荡的君子之交？中俄成功走出了一条大国战略互信、邻里友好的相处之道，树立了新型国际关系的典范。

Qin Gang: You mentioned the model for major-country relations. That is a good perspective for observing China-Russia relations. Major countries should figure out what they want with each other – building exclusive blocs, or fostering friendship that is open and sincere. China and Russia have found a path of major-country relations featuring strategic trust and good neighborliness, setting a good example for a new type of international relations.

有的国家习惯用冷战结盟的滤镜看中俄关系，看到的不过是自己的倒影。中俄关系建立在不结盟、不对抗、不针对第三方基础上，既不对世界上任何国家构成威胁，也不受任何第三方的干扰和挑拨。中俄携手，世界多极化和国际关系民主化就有了动力，全球战略平衡与稳定就有了保障。世界越是动荡不安，中俄关系越应稳步向前。

Some countries who are inclined to view China-Russia relations through the lens of Cold War alliances see nothing but their own image. The China-Russia relationship is based on no-alliance and no-confrontation, and it is not targeted at any third party. It is not a threat to any country, nor is it subject to any interference or discord sown by any third party. With China and Russia working together, the world will have a driving force toward multipolarity and greater democracy in international relations, and global strategic balance and stability will be better ensured. The more unstable the world becomes, the more imperative it is for China and Russia to steadily advance their relations.

元首交往是中俄关系的指南针和定盘星。我们相信，在两国元首战略引领下，中俄新时代全面战略协作伙伴关系必将在更高水平上不断前行。

Head-of-state interaction is the compass and anchor of China-Russia relations. Under the strategic guidance of the two presidents, the China-Russia comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination for the new era will surely grow from strength to strength.

至于你提到中俄贸易中用什么货币？答案很简单，什么货币好用、安全又信得过，就用什么货币。国际货币不应成为单边制裁的杀手锏，更不应成为霸凌胁迫的代名词。

As for the currencies to be used in China-Russia trade, the answer is simple. I would say whichever that are efficient, safe and credible. Currencies should not be trump cards for unilateral sanctions, still less a disguise for bullying or coercion.

《人民日报》记者：习近平主席提出的全球发展倡议和全球安全倡议受到各国普遍欢迎。请问中方在加强和完善全球治理方面打算发挥什么样的作用？采取哪些举措？

People’s Daily: The Global Development Initiative (GDI) and the Global Security Initiative (GSI) put forward by President Xi Jinping have been welcomed by many countries. What role does China want to play in strengthening and improving global governance? What further steps will it take to this end?

秦刚：当今世界变乱交织。世界怎么了？我们该怎么办？人类再次站在历史的十字路口。习近平主席从世界、历史和人类的高度指明了全球治理的人间正道。新时代十年，习近平主席相继提出了一系列重大倡议和主张，包括构建人类命运共同体、共建“一带一路”、全人类共同价值、全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议等，这些理念的核心，就是世界各国相互依存，人类命运与共，国际社会要团结合作。团结合作可以战胜新冠疫情，可以应对气候变化，可以化解和平赤字、安全赤字、发展赤字、治理赤字，建设持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界。

Qin Gang: Amid the changes and confusion, people are wondering what’s wrong with our world and what we should do about it. Humanity has come to a new crossroads. Keeping in mind the lessons of history as well as the well-being of the world and all humanity, President Xi Jinping has proposed the right approach to global governance. Through the past ten years in the new era, President Xi Jinping has put forward a host of major initiatives and proposals, including building a community with a shared future for mankind, the Belt and Road Initiative, the common values of humanity, the GDI and the GSI. The core message of these initiatives is that countries are interdependent, mankind have a shared future, and the international community must get united for cooperation. With solidarity and cooperation, we can defeat COVID, address climate change, tackle the deficit in peace, security, development and governance, and build an open, inclusive, clean and beautiful world of lasting peace, universal security and common prosperity. 

迈向全球治理的道路并不平坦。中国古人讲：“天下兼相爱则治，交相恶则乱”。古人还讲“道私者乱，道法者治”。古人的智慧告诉我们，全球治理要守法，要遵循联合国宪章所体现的国际法精神；要秉持公平公理，反对霸权私利；要坚持同舟共济，不搞分裂对抗。发展中国家占世界人口总数的80％以上，对世界经济增长的贡献率超过70％。发展中国家的人民有过上更好日子的权利，发展中国家在世界事务中应该享有更大的代表性和发言权。

Yet the path to global governance is far from smooth. An ancient Chinese philosopher observed that “goodwill leads to good governance while enmity, chaos”. Another ancient philosopher stressed that “the rule of selfish interests spells chaos while the rule of law brings good governance”. The moral of these wise sayings is that global governance should be promoted in accordance with the law and the principles of international law enshrined in the UN Charter; equity and justice must be upheld while hegemonism and selfish interests must be rejected; solidarity must be defended while division and confrontation must be abandoned. Developing countries account for more than 80 percent of the global population and more than 70 percent of global economic growth. People in developing countries are entitled to a better life, and developing countries are entitled to greater representation and a louder voice in international affairs.

大道之行，天下为公。中国将始终坚持胸怀天下，积极参与全球治理进程，为世界和平发展和人类进步事业作出更大贡献。

A just cause should be pursued for the common good. China will keep in mind the interests of the world, take an active part in global governance, and contribute more to world peace and development and to human progress.

美国全国广播公司记者：您曾写到“一个健康稳定的中美关系攸关两国人民和我们星球的前途命运”。鉴于中美利益分歧不断扩大，还有可能发展健康稳定的美中关系吗？您打算如何使之成为可能？除了中国的核心利益，您是否也考虑过美国的核心利益？

NBC: You once wrote, “The future of American and Chinese peoples – indeed, the future of the entire planet – depends on a healthy and stable China-US relationship.” Healthy and stable relationship? Is that still possible given the widening conflict of interests on a whole range of issues? Or how do you purpose to make it possible? Besides China’s core interests, have you also considered the core interests of the United States?

秦刚：前段时间中美关系发生了无人飞艇事件。这完全是一起因不可抗力导致的偶发意外事件，事实和性质都很清楚，连美方也认为不构成现实威胁。然而，美方却违反国际法精神和国际惯例，有罪推断，过度反应，滥用武力，借题发挥，制造了一场本可以避免的外交危机。

Qin Gang: A recent episode in China-US relations is the unmanned airship incident. It is entirely an accident caused by force majeure, and its facts and nature are crystal clear. Even the United States did not believe it posed a physical threat. However, in violation of the spirit of international law and international customary practices, the United States acted with a presumption of guilt. It overreacted, abused force, and dramatized the accident, creating a diplomatic crisis that could have been avoided.

从偶然中可以看到必然，那就是美国对华认知和定位出现了严重偏差，把中国当成最主要对手和最大地缘政治挑战。第一粒纽扣扣错了，导致美国对华政策完全脱离了理性健康的正轨。

An accident can reveal something fundamental. In this case, the US perception and views of China are seriously distorted. It regards China as its primary rival and biggest geopolitical challenge. This is like the first button in a shirt being put wrong. And the result is that the US China policy has entirely deviated from the rational and sound track.

美方声称要“竞赢”中国但不寻求冲突。但实际上，美方的所谓“竞争”，就是全方位遏制打压，就是你死我活的零和博弈。美方口口声声说要遵守规则，但如同两位运动员在奥运田径场上赛跑，一方不是想着如何跑出自己的最好成绩，而总是要去绊倒对方，甚至想让对方参加残奥会，这不是公平竞争，而是恶意对抗，犯规了！美方所谓要给中美关系“加装护栏”“不冲突”，实际上就是要中国打不还手，骂不还口，但这办不到！如果美方不踩刹车，继续沿着错误道路狂飙下去，再多的护栏也挡不住脱轨翻车，必然陷入冲突对抗。谁来承担其灾难性的后果？！这样的竞争，就是以两国人民根本利益乃至人类前途命运为赌注的豪赌，中方当然坚决反对。美国有让美国再次伟大的豪情，也要有容得下别国发展的雅量。遏制打压不会让美国变得伟大，更阻挡不了中国迈向复兴的步伐。

The United States claims that it seeks to “out-compete” China but does not seek conflict. Yet in reality, its so-called “competition” means to contain and suppress China in all respects and get the two countries locked in a zero-sum game. The United States talks a lot about following rules. But imagine two athletes competing in an Olympic race. If one athlete, instead of focusing on giving one’s best, always tries to trip or even injure the other, that is not fair competition, but malicious confrontation and a foul! Its so-called “establishing guardrails” for China-US relations and “not seeking conflict” actually means that China should not respond in words or action when slandered or attacked. That is just impossible! If the United States does not hit the brake but continues to speed down the wrong path, no amount of guardrails can prevent derailing, and there will surely be conflict and confrontation. Who will bear the catastrophic consequences? Such competition is a reckless gamble with the stakes being the fundamental interests of the two peoples and even the future of humanity. Naturally China is firmly opposed to all this. If the United States has the ambition to make itself great again, it should also have a broad mind for the development of other countries. Containment and suppression will not make America great, and it will not stop the rejuvenation of China.

习近平主席指出，中美能否处理好彼此关系，攸关世界前途命运。中美关系不是一道是否搞好的选择题，而是一道如何搞好的必答题。我也注意到，美国国内越来越多的有识之士对当前中美关系深感忧虑，他们纷纷呼吁美方奉行理性务实的对华政策。

As President Xi Jinping pointed out, whether China and the United States can handle their relationship well bears on the future of the world. Getting the relationship right is not optional, but something we must do and must do well. I have also noted that more and more people with vision and insight in the United States are deeply worried about the current state of China-US relations, and have been calling for a rational and pragmatic policy toward China.

美国人民和中国人民一样，热情、友善、淳朴，都追求幸福生活、美好世界。我在美国工作的时候，洛杉矶长滩港码头工人告诉我，全家老小的生计依靠同中国的货运贸易，美中两国要共同繁荣。艾奥瓦州的农民告诉我，世界上还有许多饥饿的人，他要多种粮食。大学校长们告诉我，科技进步要靠国际交流，科技脱钩是双输、多输。明尼苏达州英华学院的小学生获得“汉语桥”世界小学生中文秀冠军，她用流利的汉语告诉我，她学汉语，是因为喜欢中国。每当我想起他们，我就想，决定中美关系的，应该是两国的共同利益、共同责任和两国人民的友谊，而不是美国的国内政治和歇斯底里的新麦卡锡主义。

The American people, just like the Chinese people, are friendly, kind and sincere, and want a better life and a better world. When I was working in the United States, I visited many places. In Los Angeles, workers at the port of Long Beach shared with me how their entire families live off trade with China, stressing that the United States and China should prosper together. Farmers in Iowa told me that they want to produce more food because a great number of people in the world are still living in hunger. Presidents of universities stressed that international exchange is critical for technological advancement, and that technological decoupling is a lose-lose and all-lose. A kid in the Yinghua Academy in Minnesota, the world champion of the “Chinese Bridge” Chinese show for foreign elementary school students, confided in me in fluent Chinese that she is learning the language because she loves China. Every time I think about them, I’m convinced that the China-US relationship should be determined by the common interests and shared responsibilities of the two countries and by the friendship between the Chinese and American peoples, rather than by US domestic politics or the hysterical neo-McCarthyism.

中方将始终按照习近平主席提出的相互尊重、和平共处、合作共赢的原则致力于推动中美关系健康稳定发展，我们也希望美国政府认真倾听两国人民的声音，消除“威胁膨胀”的战略焦虑，摒弃零和博弈的冷战思维，拒绝“政治正确”的无端绑架，兑现承诺，与中方相向而行，共同探索出既有利于两国、又造福世界的中美正确相处之道。

China will continue to follow the principles put forth by President Xi Jinping, namely, mutual respect, peaceful coexistence and win-win cooperation, to pursue a sound and stable relationship with the United States. We hope the US government will listen to the calls of the two peoples, rid of its strategic anxiety of “threat inflation”, abandon the zero-sum Cold War mentality, and refuse to be hijacked by “political correctness”. We hope that the United States will honor its commitments and work with China to explore the right way to get along with each other to the benefit of both countries and the entire world.

凤凰卫视记者：美国一些智库和官员炒作中美可能于2027年或2025年因台湾问题爆发冲突，还有媒体爆料称，美方已制定“摧毁台湾”计划。您怎么看当前台海局势？您认为中美在台海发生冲突的风险有多大？

Phoenix Television: Some US think tanks and officials have been hyping up the possibility of a conflict between China and the US over the Taiwan question in the year 2027 or 2025. Some media even say the United States has made up a plan for the “destruction of Taiwan”. How do you see the current situation in the Taiwan Strait? How likely is such a conflict between the two countries in the Taiwan Strait?

秦刚：我知道今天肯定要问到台湾问题，特别带来一本《中华人民共和国宪法》。我首先引用《中华人民共和国宪法》序言里的两句话：“台湾是中华人民共和国的神圣领土的一部分。完成统一祖国的大业是包括台湾同胞在内的全中国人民的神圣职责。”解决台湾问题是中国人自己的事，任何外国都无权干涉。最近美国高官声称台湾问题不是中国内政，对此我们坚决反对并保持高度警惕。

Qin Gang: I knew that the Taiwan question would be raised, so I’ve brought a copy of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China. Let me first quote two lines from the Preamble of the Constitution – “Taiwan is part of the sacred territory of the People’s Republic of China. It is the inviolable duty of all Chinese people, including our compatriots in Taiwan, to accomplish the great task of reunifying the motherland.” Resolving the Taiwan question is a matter for the Chinese people, and no other country has the right to interfere in it. Some senior US officials have recently asserted that the Taiwan question is not an internal affair of China. We firmly oppose such absurd comments, and we will stay on high alert.

对于两岸来说，我们都有一个家，名字叫中国。作为骨肉同胞，我们将继续以最大诚意、尽最大努力实现祖国和平统一。同时，保留采取一切必要措施的选项。中国《反分裂国家法》对此规定得很明确。如果出现了违反该法的情况，我们必须依宪依法行事。任何人都不要低估中国政府和中国人民捍卫国家主权和领土完整的坚强决心、坚定意志和强大能力。

The two sides of the Taiwan Strait belong to one common family, which is called China. As brothers and sisters, we will continue to work with the greatest sincerity and utmost efforts to pursue peaceful reunification. Meanwhile, we reserve the option of taking all necessary measures. In fact, China’s Anti-Secession Law has explicitly made this point. In case this Law is violated, we must act in accordance with the Constitution and the Law. No one should ever underestimate the firm resolve, strong will or great capability of the Chinese government and people to safeguard national sovereignty and territorial integrity.

台湾问题是中国核心利益中的核心，是中美关系政治基础中的基础，是中美关系第一条不可跨越的红线。台湾问题之所以产生，美国负有不可推卸的责任。我们之所以同美国谈台湾问题，是要求美方不要干涉中国内政。中国人民有权问：为什么美方在乌克兰问题上大谈尊重主权和领土完整，却在中国的台湾问题上不尊重中国的主权和领土完整？为什么一边要求中国不向俄罗斯提供武器，一边却长期违反“八·一七”公报向台湾售武？为什么一边口口声声说维护地区和平稳定，一边却暗地里制定了所谓“摧毁台湾”的计划？

The Taiwan question is the core of the core interests of China, the bedrock of the political foundation of China-US relations, and the first red line that must not be crossed in China-US relations. The US has unshirkable responsibility for causing the Taiwan question. The reason why China raises this question to the US is to urge it to stop interfering in China’s internal affairs. The Chinese people have every right to ask: Why does the US talk at length about respecting sovereignty and territorial integrity on Ukraine, while disrespecting China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity on China’s Taiwan question? Why does the US ask China not to provide weapons to Russia, while it keeps selling arms to Taiwan in violation of the August 17 Communiqué? Why does the US keep on professing the maintenance of regional peace and stability, while covertly formulating a “plan for the destruction of Taiwan”?

“台独”分裂与台海和平稳定水火不容。台海和平稳定的真实威胁是“台独”分裂势力，定海神针是一个中国原则，真正护栏是中美三个联合公报。台湾问题处理不好，中美关系地动山摇。如果美方真的希望台海风平浪静，就应该停止“以台制华”，回归一个中国原则的本源本义，恪守对中国作出的政治承诺，明确反对和制止“台独”。

Separatism for Taiwan independence is as incompatible with peace and stability of the Taiwan Strait as fire with water. For peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait, its real threat is the separatist forces for Taiwan independence, its solid anchor is the one-China principle, and its genuine guardrails are the three China-US joint communiqués. Mishandling of the Taiwan question will shake the very foundation of China-US relations. If the United States truly expects a peaceful Taiwan Strait, it should stop containing China by exploiting the Taiwan question, return to the fundamental of the one-China principle, honor its political commitment to China, and unequivocally oppose and forestall Taiwan independence. 

《环球时报》记者：俄乌冲突已持续一年多，近来一些美西方舆论要求中方不向俄提供致命性援助，渲染“中国特殊责任论”。您对此怎么看？

Global Times: The Russia-Ukraine conflict has been going on for over a year. Some in the United States and other Western countries are now urging China not to provide lethal assistance to Russia, and hyping up China’s “special responsibility”. What is your take on this?

秦刚：乌克兰危机本是一场可以避免的悲剧，发展到今天这个地步，教训惨痛，值得各方深刻反思。

Qin Gang: The Ukraine crisis is a tragedy that could have been avoided. But it has come to where it stands today. There are painful lessons that all parties should truly reflect upon.

乌克兰危机有着复杂的历史经纬和现实原因，本质是欧洲安全治理矛盾的大爆发。我们始终根据事情本身的是非曲直，独立自主作出判断。在和平与战争之间，选择和平；在对话和制裁之间，选择对话；在降温和拱火之间，选择降温。中国既不是危机的制造者，又不是危机的当事方，也没有向冲突的任何一方提供武器。凭什么向中国甩锅推责，甚至制裁、威胁？我们绝不接受！

The Ukraine crisis has a complex history and reasons. In essence, it is an eruption of the problems built up in the security governance of Europe. China always makes its own judgment independently based on the merits of the issue. Between peace and war, we choose peace. Between dialogue and sanctions, we choose dialogue. Between lowering the temperature and fanning the flames, we choose the former. China did not create the crisis. It is not a party to the crisis, and has not provided weapons to either side of the conflict. Why on earth the blame, sanctions and threats against China? This is absolutely unacceptable.

前几天，我们发布了《关于政治解决乌克兰危机的中国立场》文件，提出尊重各国主权、摒弃冷战思维、停火止战、启动和谈等12条主张，核心就是劝和促谈。

Less than two weeks ago, we issued China’s Position on the Political Settlement of the Ukraine Crisis. It offers 12 propositions, including respecting the sovereignty of all countries, abandoning the Cold War mentality, ceasing hostilities, and resuming peace talks. The core stance is to promote talks for peace.

然而令人遗憾的是，劝和促谈的努力一再遭到破坏，似乎有只“看不见的手”推动冲突延宕升级，试图以乌克兰危机来服务某种地缘政治图谋。

Regrettably however, efforts for peace talks have been repeatedly undermined. There seems to be “an invisible hand” pushing for the protraction and escalation of the conflict and using the Ukraine crisis to serve certain geopolitical agenda.

当前，乌克兰危机到了紧要关头，要么停火止战，恢复和平，走上政治解决的轨道，要么火上浇油，扩大危机，拖入失控的深渊。冲突、制裁、施压解决不了问题，现在需要的是冷静、理智、对话，和谈进程应尽快开启，各方合理安全关切都应得到尊重，从而找到实现欧洲长治久安之策。

The Ukraine crisis has come to a critical juncture. Either hostilities stop and peace is restored and the process of political settlement begins, or more fuel is added to the flames and the crisis further expands and spirals out of control. Conflict, sanctions and pressure will not solve the problem. What is needed is calmness, reason and dialogue. The process of peace talks should begin as soon as possible, and the legitimate security concerns of all parties should be respected. This is the right way to achieve durable security in Europe.

巴基斯坦联合通讯社记者：今年是中国提出“一带一路”倡议十周年。近年来，美国、欧盟也出台了一些全球基建计划。您认为这些倡议和计划之间有竞争关系吗？对有人质疑“一带一路”可能导致“债务陷阱”，您怎么看？

Associated Press of Pakistan: This year marks the tenth year of China’s Belt and Road Initiative. The United States and the European Union have also come up with their own global infrastructure initiatives. Do you see them as competing initiatives? Some people say the Belt and Road can lead to debt traps. How would you respond to that? 

秦刚：“一带一路”倡议是中国发起、各方共建、世界共享的优质公共产品，优在高标准、可持续、惠民生，因为优质实用，所以广受欢迎，迄今已吸引了世界上超过四分之三的国家和32个国际组织参与其中。

Qin Gang: The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a high-quality public good initiated by China, built by the parties involved, and shared by the world. The BRI delivers high-standard, sustainable and livelihood-enhancing outcomes, and is hence widely welcomed. To date, over three quarters of countries around the world and 32 international organizations have joined this initiative.

倡议已经提出十年了，从当初的蓝图变成今天的实景，化作了各国发展的实效，百姓民生的实惠。十年铺就了共同发展的康庄大道，留下了一个个“国家地标”“民生工程”“合作丰碑”。10年里，倡议拉动近万亿美元投资规模，形成3000多个合作项目，为沿线国家创造42万个工作岗位，让将近4000万人摆脱贫困。中老铁路让老挝从“陆锁国”变成“陆联国”。斯里兰卡普特拉姆电站点亮了万家灯火。蒙内铁路拉动了当地经济增长超过2个百分点。“鲁班工坊”帮助20多个国家的年轻人掌握了职业技能。中欧班列迄今已开行6万5千列，是联通亚欧的“钢铁驼队”，是运送防疫物资的“健康快车”。今年，中国将以主办第三届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛为契机，与有关各方一道，推动“一带一路”取得更丰硕的成果。

Ten years after its inception, the BRI has evolved from vision into reality, boosting development in partner countries and bringing real benefits to the people. A decade of efforts have laid down a pathway toward common development, and created an array of national landmarks, livelihood projects, and milestones of cooperation. Over the past decade, the BRI has galvanized nearly US$1 trillion of investment, established more than 3,000 cooperation projects, created 420,000 local jobs, and helped lift almost 40 million people out of poverty. The China-Laos Railway helps make land-locked Laos a land-linked country. The Puttalam power plant helps light up numerous Sri Lankan homes at night. The Mombasa-Nairobi Railway adds more than two percentage points to local economic growth. Luban workshops help young people in over 20 countries acquire vocational skills. The China-Europe Railway Express has completed 65,000 freight services, serving as a steel camel fleet between Asia and Europe, and a health train delivering medical supplies during the pandemic. China will host the third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation this year. Taking this as an opportunity, we will work with all relevant parties for more fruitful outcomes from Belt and Road cooperation.

“一带一路”是务实开放的倡议，秉持的是共商共建共享原则。在合作中我们有商有量，在交往时我们有情有义。对于其他国家的倡议，只要不以意识形态划线，我们都欢迎；只要不夹带地缘政治的私货，我们都乐见其成。

The BRI is a practical and open initiative guided by the principle of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits. Its cooperation is conducted through consultation, and its partnerships are built with friendship and good faith. We welcome all initiatives that are not ideologically-driven proposed by other countries, and we are happy to see them succeed if they don’t carry a geopolitical agenda.

所谓“债务陷阱”，这个“帽子”无论如何不能扣到中国头上。据统计，在发展中国家主权债务中，多边金融机构和商业债权人占比超过八成，这才是发展中国家债务压力的最大来源。特别是去年以来，美国以前所未有的幅度急速加息，各国资金纷纷外流，使有关国家的债务问题雪上加霜。

China should be the last one to be accused of the so-called debt trap. Data show that multilateral financial institutions and commercial creditors account for over 80 percent of the sovereign debt of developing countries. They are the biggest source of debt burden on developing countries. Particularly since last year, the unprecedented, rapid interest hikes by the United States have led to capital outflows in many countries and worsened the debt problems in the countries concerned.

中国一直致力为相关国家纾困解难，在二十国集团缓债倡议中贡献最大。中方将继续以建设性态度参与国际债务问题的解决，同时我们也呼吁其他各方共同行动、公平分担。大家坐下来商量，办法总会比问题多。

China has been making efforts to help the countries in distress, and is the biggest contributor to the G20’s Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI). China will continue to participate constructively in the resolution of international debt issues. Meanwhile, we call on other parties to act together and share the burden fairly. When parties sit together and talk things through, there will be more solutions than problems.

日本广播协会记者：今年是《日中和平友好条约》签订45周年。目前，日中在政治、经济、安全保障等领域立场仍存在明显分歧。中国新一届政府打算构建怎样的日中关系？

NHK: This year marks the 45th anniversary of the Japan-China Peace and Friendship Treaty. Now, the difference in the positions of the two countries in the fields of politics, economy and security has become clear. How does the new Chinese government plan to build relations with Japan in the future? 

秦刚：中日一衣带水，构建新时代中日关系，我认为要做到以下几点：

Qin Gang: China and Japan are close neighbors. To foster a China-Japan relationship for the new era, it is important to do the following:

首先，要言而有信。45年前，两国缔结了《中日和平友好条约》，首次以法律形式确认了中日关系发展的原则和方向。这个条约，连同中日间其他三个政治文件，构成了中日关系的政治根基，尤其是“互为合作伙伴、互不构成威胁”的重要政治共识，应该严格遵守，说了就要做到。

First, honor commitments. Our two countries signed the Treaty of Peace and Friendship 45 years ago, codifying the principles and direction for the development of China-Japan relations for the first time. This Treaty, together with the other three political documents between China and Japan, form the political foundation of the bilateral relations. These documents, particularly the important political consensus that the two countries should “be partners, not threats”, must be truly observed. Words must be matched with actions. 

第二，要以史为鉴。日本军国主义曾给中华民族造成深重伤害，至今依然隐隐作痛。中国人民不会忘记，日方也不应忘记。忘记历史就意味着背叛，否认罪责就意味着重犯。中方始终以善意对待日本，希望睦邻友好。但如果日方有些人不是以邻为伴，而是以邻为壑，甚至参与遏制中国的“新冷战”，那么两国之间就是旧伤未愈，又添新痛。

Second, learn lessons from history. The immense sufferings imposed by the Japanese militarists on the Chinese nation are still painful today. The Chinese people will not forget this, and the Japanese side must not forget. Forgetting history is a betrayal, and denying a crime is to repeat a crime. China always treats Japan with goodwill and hopes for friendship and good-neighborliness. Yet, should some people from the Japanese side choose a beggar-thy-neighbor approach rather than pursuing partnership, and even take part in a new Cold War to contain China, the bilateral relations would only suffer new wounds when the old ones are yet to be healed. 

第三，要维护秩序。现在一些日方领导人也在大谈所谓的秩序，那我们就要掰扯掰扯，这个秩序到底是什么。今天的国际秩序建立在世界反法西斯战争胜利基础之上，是3500万中国军民用生命和鲜血换来的。一切挑战战后国际秩序和国际正义的历史修正主义，中国人民都绝不答应。《中日和平友好条约》中明确规定反对霸权主义，条约精神在当下具有现实意义。

Third, preserve the international order. Some leaders in Japan recently have also been talking a lot about “international order”. We need to make clear what order they are talking about. Today’s international order is built on the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War, which cost the lives and blood of 35 million Chinese soldiers and civilians. The Chinese people will never accept any form of historical revisionism that challenges the post-war international order and international justice. The Treaty of Peace and Friendship explicitly opposed hegemonism, and its spirit remains relevant today. 

第四，要互利共赢。中日优势互补、互有需要。我们应坚持市场原则和自由开放精神，加强合作，共同维护产业链、供应链稳定畅通，为全球经济复苏注入动力和活力。

Fourth, promote win-win cooperation. China and Japan are highly complementary and need each other. We should uphold market principles and a free and open spirit, increase cooperation, jointly ensure stable and smooth industrial and supply chains, and inject impetus and vitality into global economic recovery. 

最后，我要说一件事情。日本政府决定将福岛核污染水排入大海。这不是日本一家的私事，而是关系海洋环境和人类健康的大事。我们敦促日方以负责任的方式处理好这一问题。

One more issue I wish to raise here. The Japanese government has decided to discharge contaminated water of the Fukushima nuclear power plant into the sea. This is not Japan’s private business, but a major issue vital to the marine environment and human health. We urge the Japanese side to properly handle this matter in a responsible manner.

新华社记者：美国声称要“塑造中国周边战略环境”，一个重要抓手就是“印太战略”。不少地区国家因此受到很大压力。有评论称，随着中国经济下行压力增加，地区国家“安全上靠美国，经济上靠中国”难以持续。您对此怎么看？

Xinhua News Agency: The United States claims that it will “shape the strategic environment in which China operates”. Its Indo-Pacific Strategy is an important leverage t