中国关于互不首先使用核武器倡议的工作文件

No-First-Use of Nuclear Weapons Initiative

Working Paper Submitted by China

（图源：视觉中国）

一、全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器，最终建立无核武器世界，符合全人类的共同利益，是世界各国的共同夙愿。2017年1月，习近平主席在联合国日内瓦总部发表演讲指出，核武器是悬在人类头上的“达摩克利斯之剑”，应该全面禁止并最终彻底销毁，实现无核世界。

1. The complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons, and the ultimate realization of a world free of nuclear weapons, serve the common interests of mankind and constitute a shared aspiration of all countries. In his speech at the United Nations Office at Geneva in January, 2017, President Xi Jinping stated that “Nuclear weapons, the Sword of Damocles that hangs over humankind, should be completely prohibited and ultimately destroyed over time to make the world free of nuclear weapons.”

二、面对复杂严峻的国际安全形势，习近平主席多次重申，核武器用不得、核战争打不得。2022年1月，五核国领导人发表《五个核武器国家领导人关于防止核战争与避免军备竞赛的联合声明》，申明核战争打不赢也打不得理念，重申核武器不瞄准彼此及其他任何国家。

2. Facing complex and severe international security situation, President Xi Jinping has re-affirmed that nuclear weapons cannot be used and nuclear war must not be fought. In January 2022, the leaders of the five nuclear-weapon States released the Joint Statement of the Leaders of the Five Nuclear-Weapon States on Preventing Nuclear War and Avoiding Arms Races. The leaders affirmed that a nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought and reiterated that none of their weapons are targeted at each other or at any other State.

三、1964年10月16日成功爆炸第一颗原子弹的当日，中国即向全世界庄严宣布，在任何时候、任何情况下都不首先使用核武器。此后，中国又承诺无条件不对无核武器国家和无核武器区使用或威胁使用核武器。1994年，中国向其他四个核武器国家提交了“互不首先使用核武器条约”草案，并一直积极推动与其他核武器国家在双边或多边基础上承诺互不首先使用核武器。

3. On October 16, 1964, when China successfully detonated its atomic bomb, China immediately made a solemn declaration to the world that it undertakes not to be the first to use nuclear weapons at any time and under any circumstances, and unconditionally commits itself not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear States or nuclear-weapon-free zones. In 1994, China submitted the “Draft Treaty on No-First Use of Nuclear Weapons” to the other four nuclear-weapon States and since then has been encouraging other nuclear-weapon States to commit to no-first use of nuclear weapons on a bilateral or multilateral basis.

四、中国奉行不首先使用核武器政策，是基于对核武器与核战争性质的认知。核战争没有最后的胜利者，只会给人类带来巨大的灾难。中国发展核武器是在特殊的历史时期为应对核威胁、打破核垄断、防止核战争被迫做出的历史性选择。中国发展核武器不是为了威胁别国，而是为了防御和自卫，维护国家战略安全，也是为维护世界和平与稳定做出贡献。

4. China adheres to the no-first-use policy, based on its understanding of the nature of nuclear weapons and nuclear war. A nuclear war has no ultimate victor, but only brings huge disasters to humanity. China made the choice of developing nuclear weapons in a special historical period to cope with nuclear blackmail, break nuclear monopoly, and prevent nuclear war. China’s development of nuclear weapons is not for the purpose of threatening other countries, but for self-defense, safeguarding national strategic security, and contributing to world peace and stability.

五、核武器国家采取不首先使用核武器政策，或者宣布互不首先使用核武器，是落实《不扩散核武器条约》第六条、降低核武器在国家安全政策中作用、推动实现核裁军目标的一个实际行动。在当前国际战略安全形势下，核武器国家采取上述政策和行动，有助于增进战略互信，避免危险的核军备竞赛，有效地减少战略风险，促进全球战略平衡与稳定。

5. The adoption of the no-first-use policy or declaration of no-first-use of nuclear weapons against each other by nuclear-weapon States is a practical step to implement Article VI of the Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, reduce the role of nuclear weapons in national security doctrines and promote the objective of nuclear disarmament. Under the current international strategic security situation, the above-mentioned policies and actions taken by nuclear-weapon States are conducive to enhancing strategic mutual trust, avoiding dangerous nuclear arms race, effectively reducing strategic risks, and promoting global balance and stability.

六、不首先使用核武器政策正日益成为国际军控领域的重要共识和优先方向。联合国秘书长古特雷斯近年来公开呼吁不首先使用任何核武器。东南亚国家联盟、非洲国家联盟、“新议程联盟”以及众多无核武器国家呼吁核武器国家采取不首先使用核武器的政策。

6. The no-first-use policy is increasingly becoming an important consensus and priority in the field of international arms control. Over the recent years, the UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has publicly called for the no-first-use of any nuclear weapons. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Africa Union, the New Agenda Coalition, and many non-nuclear-weapon States have called on nuclear-weapon States to adopt a no-first-use policy.

七、鉴于上述，中方鼓励五个核武器国家积极探讨缔结“互不首先使用核武器条约”或就此发表政治声明，并草拟了以下条约或声明要素，作为讨论的基础。

7. In view of the above, China encourages the five nuclear-weapon States to negotiate and conclude a treaty on “mutual no-first-use of nuclear weapons” or issue a political statement in this regard. The following draft elements are presented as a basis for deliberation.

（一）深信核战争将使全人类遭受浩劫，因而核战争打不赢也打不得；铭记安理会常任理事国对维护国际和平与安全，包括防止发生核战争的主要责任；重申为实现全面禁止和彻底销毁各类大规模杀伤性武器而努力的承诺；相信本条约有利于促进国际和平与安全，并为创造进一步促进裁军与军备控制的有利国际环境。

(a) We are, convinced that nuclear war would have devastating consequences for all humanity and thus must never be fought, mindful of the primary responsibilities of the permanent members of the UN Security Council for the maintenance of world peace and security including the prevention of nuclear war, reiterating our commitment to work for the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of all types of weapons of mass destruction, believing that this Treaty will be conducive to international peace and security, thus can help create a favorable international environment for further progress in arms control and disarmament.

（二）缔约国承诺在任何时候、任何情况下不对其他缔约国首先使用核武器，并承诺支持尽早谈判达成一项不对无核武器国家和无核武器区使用或威胁使用核武器的公约。

(b) Each State Party undertakes not to be the first to use nuclear weapons against another State Party at any time and under any circumstances. Each State Party undertakes to support the early conclusion of a treaty on not using or threatening to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear weapon States or nuclear-weapon-free zones.

（三）缔约国在行使其国家主权时若断定与本条约有关的非常事件已危及其最高利益，有权退出本条约。

(c) Each State Party shall in exercising its national sovereignty have the right to withdraw from the Treaty if it decides that extraordinary events, related to the subject matter of this Treaty, have jeopardized the supreme interests of its country.

（四）本条约无限期有效，对本条约条款不得保留。

(d) This Treaty shall be of unlimited duration. And the articles of this Treaty shall not be subject to any reservation.

八、中国呼吁所有《不扩散核武器条约》缔约国均积极回应和支持中方上述主张，愿在五核国机制内深入探讨。中国并期待《不扩散核武器条约》第十一次审议大会及其筹备会议深入讨论中方上述主张，达成实际成果并纳入成果文件。

8. China calls on all States parties to the Treaty on the Non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) to positively respond to and support China’s propositions. China is ready to engage in in-depth discussions on this issue within the P5 framework. China looks forward to thorough discussions on the above propositions during the 2026 NPT Review Conference and its preparatory committee meetings, with a view to achieving tangible results that could be incorporated into the outcome documents.

来源 | 外交部网站

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